Category: Divorce and Family Law

Will I Have to Pay Alimony to My Husband in Florida

Name: Jacobs Law Firm, PLLC
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Posted by Law Firm Admin on January 4, 2018

Will I have to pay alimony to my husband in Florida? The answer to this loaded question is maybe. The answer depends on your current and prior income, if you were employed during the marriage, the standard of living during the marriage, the other spouse’s income, either spouse’s career sacrifices, and a host of other factors as provided in Florida Statute 61.08. Attorney Jonathan Jacobs is an alimony attorney in Orlando and all throughout Central Florida. When you have questions about alimony and the equitable distribution of your marital assets and liabilities, we are ready to help. Call us for answers to your alimony questions at 407-335-8113.

According to the United States Department of Labor, women’s employment accounts for over 72 million jobs in the United States. In fact, unemployment is often lower for women than it is for their male counterparts. Most women workers are full-time labor force participants. What do these statistics have to do with the question posed, will I have to pay alimony to my husband in Florida? Clearly a great deal. If women are the primary earners of income, or the sole-earners, it means the husband likely takes care of the children (if any) and handles the so-called homemaking or domestic duties. Let’s not stereotype this as some romantic imbalance, or power-struggle at home. Let’s instead realize that men and women are both capable of great successes and sometimes the job market allows for one spouse to have greater upward-mobility. This is a beautiful thing, because it allows couples to have potentially two lucrative income sources, and if there is only one, at least it supports the family. Let’s provide more clarity on how does alimony work in Florida. Attorney Jonathan Jacobs is a divorce attorney in Orlando, as well as a Central Florida Divorce Attorney.

How Does Alimony Work in Florida?

Many of our other articles address how alimony works in Florida, but in light of the question about women paying alimony, let’s provide some clarification. Alimony works based on the parties’ presentation of evidence based on their financial circumstances, their careers, their job-training, their age, their need for or ability to pay alimony, etc. This applies for both men and women, it is not exclusive to men. Therefore, will I have to pay alimony to my husband in Florida is best answered by saying that your case is unique, but it is a real possibility that if the woman earns more money, she may be ordered to pay alimony to her ex-husband. The law is gender-blind in a sense because it recognizes how diverse our workforce is specifically as pertains to gender. For more information call or e-mail the Jacobs Law Firm, Clermont divorce attorney, as well as a Central Florida Divorce Attorney, for a consultation. 407-335-8113.

Attorney Jonathan Jacobs can answer your questions about alimony.

Learn more about other types of alimony in Florida: Durational alimony, women paying men alimony, alimony factors, short term alimony, permanent alimony, and rehabilitative alimony. In fact, we have a page entirely dedicated to discussing and explaining alimony in Florida. This marital dissolution process can be educational because of the number of life lessons a person can learn during the struggle!

What about child support health insurance? Divorce mediation? We address those topics as well in our multitude of other articles.

Florida Child Support Health Insurance

Posted by Law Firm Admin on January 3, 2018

Florida Child Support health insurance is in part governed by Florida Statute 61.13. This Statute specifies that each child support order must include a clause regarding health insurance for the minor child. Independent child support negotiations between parents may include a stipulation by the parties specifying how the parents will pay for health care costs (deductibles, co-pays, premiums, vision, dental, etc.). Health insurance payments can be made independent of a court-order for child support, but should be referenced in any agreement or final judgment ordering support for a minor child. If Florida child support health insurance (really a title rather than an actual service provided by the insurers) is ordered by the court, the order must particularize that the insurance must be reasonable in price and must be available to the minor child through a workplace or otherwise. Attorney Jacobs is an Orlando FL child support attorney. Dial 407-335-8113 today for your consultation!

Reasonable Cost of Florida Child Support Health Insurance

Reasonable in the case of Florida child support health insurance means that the cost should not exceed 5% of the gross income of the parent ordered to or responsible for paying for the health insurance. Similar to many other evidentiary standards and practices, the fact that Florida child support health insurance is available for a “reasonable” cost is rebuttable, meaning arguments can me made to the contrary or in support of its reasonableness in pricing. Moreover, non-covered medical expenses may be added to the equation to provide a more in-depth assessment and analysis of reasonability and of costs owed or shared among the parties. Child support calculations will likely include the cost of health insurance and will apply to the overall amount of support ordered. Contact an Orlando FL child support attorney today to find out more. Circumstances which could involve higher prices involve minor children with dire health conditions, or significantly higher incomes of the parties.

Accessible Child Health Insurance Coverage

In order to be considered “accessible,” health insurance must be usable in the county wherein your minor child lives/resides, or it must be applicable in the majority-time-sharing parent‘s county of residence. As is often the case, if the parents enjoy equal 50-50-time-sharing, then the Florida child support health insurance should be usable in both parents’ counties of residence. Essentially, a plan should allow for the minor child to be seen by a physician if and when necessary due to health issues, without the child being rejected based on geography, which could pose a danger to the child’s overall health.

I have endeavored only to provide general guidance based on the Statute. This is not intended to be legal advice, but more so as a skeleton for how the court might render decisions based on Florida child support health insurance. Your individual circumstances will vary greatly just as the incomes and abilities to pay and needs of the payees will change from case to case. My intent is only to help elucidate the Statute and how it provides for some instruction because the Statutes are not always crystal clear to non-lawyers. Call the Jacobs Law Firm to speak with an Orlando FL child support attorney.

This blog article is intended to provide general guidance, but in no way is intended to apply to the specifics of your unique case. All divorce cases and paternity cases are different in some regard. Even uncontested divorces may involve challenges with the support calculations.

Florida Rear End Statute

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 31, 2017

Florida Rear End Statute

The Florida rear end Statute is terribly vague, and yet it is precise and specific simultaneously. How is this paradox possible and does it make practical sense for the Florida Legislature to have provided such an arguable provision under the law? The Florida rear end statute provides that one driver shall not drive so near another car/driver any more closely than is “reasonable and prudent.” It may be reasonable and prudent to drive closely to another car when stuck in gridlock traffic. It may be reasonable and prudent to drive multiple car lengths away from the car in front of you when driving on the highway at a high velocity. Then again, how far is too far or how close is too close when driving on the non-highway regular roadways? This is a question of fact, circumstance, and the answer may vary in every collision case. This is why the Florida rear end statute is both vague and specific. The Florida rear end statute cannot possibly account for every car accident case in the state, but it can provide guidance for attorneys to argue their client’s case before a judge and jury. Jonathan Jacobs is an Orlando Florida car accident lawyer.

Florida Statute Rear End Collision

The Florida Statute rear end collision further describes how far from motor trucks other motor trucks must follow, and provides guidance on enabling other vehicles to enter or pass on the roadways in the presumed absence of danger.

Moreover, provision/subsection 4 of the Florida Statute rear end collision Statute makes it clear that a violation of this Statute is not per se criminal, rather any violation will be punished as though it is a moving violation. This is an important distinction.

Really, all Florida drivers have a different style of driving because people are unique. Often, following closely may be safe and without any pitfalls. Generally, following too closely however, can lead to the obscuring of what is happening in front of the driver in front of the care in the rear. This leaves very little time for safe driving when circumstances happen lightning quick. That is what can make driving too closely so dangerous.

Orlando Florida Car Accident Lawyer

Jonathan Jacobs is an Orlando Florida car accident lawyer. He has personal experience with being involved in accidents, and is a skilled litigator that can help you win your case. Litigation involves a massive amount of practice and preparation. Litigation involves a great deal of discovery, negotiation, planning, strategizing, and intellectual will.

Florida Rear End Presumption

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 31, 2017

Florida Rear End Presumption

There is a consistent history of Florida cases that solidify the principle of the Florida Rear End Presumption. Two such cases are Birge v. Charron, 107 So. 3d 350, 352 (Fla. 2012), and Padilla v. Schwartz, 199 So. 3d 516, 517 (Fla. 4^th DCA 2016). The Charron and Schwartz courts both ruled based on the Florida rear end presumption. The Florida rear end presumption is a rebuttable presumption that a party who has rear ended the driver in front of them is the at-fault party in a rear end car crash. Both courts, as well as a number of other Florida courts, have made it clear that the Florida read end presumption id rebuttable. This means that the presumption can be overcome if evidence is presented that sways the court’s opinion. Evidence that the driver in front drove unexpectedly erratically can sway the court’s opinion. Furthermore, evidence that the driver in the rear was not following so closely as to have been driving dangerously or irresponsibly, can help to overcome the Florida rear end presumption. Essentially, if the driver in front was rear-ended because of their own negligence, and not because of the negligence of the driver behind them, the presumption can be rebutted. Now, we move on to the reason for rear end presumption Florida. Jonathan Jacobs is a Clermont Florida Car Accident Attorney.

Reason for Rear End Presumption Florida

In Schwartz, the court points out the reason for rear end presumption Florida exists. The Schwartz court opined that the driver in front cannot possibly always know why the driver behind them was doing when the car occurred. It is not possible for the driver in front to see when the driver behind them is texting while driving, looking away from the road, is distracted, intoxicated, careless, or otherwise negligent. Moreover, the reason for rear end presumption Florida exists is because likewise, the driver behind the driver in front cannot similarly account for the driver in front’s negligence, if any. The driver in front could have been intoxicated, inebriated, texting, looking away, spastic, seizing, or otherwise negligent. This allows for the courts to make a full, fair, and reasonable determination as to who the at fault party was, if any party is to blame more than the other. This may factor in to the court’s apportionment of fault. Florida is a pure comparative negligence state, which provides another reason for rear end presumption Florida. The Jacobs Law Firm, Clermont Florida Car Accident Attorney, can help answer any questions you may have in your accident case.

Clermont Florida Car Accident Attorney

Jonathan Jacobs, Clermont Florida Car Accident Attorney, has experience arguing the Florida rear end presumption. Call us today for your free consultation.

What Does Durable Power of Attorney Mean in Florida

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 30, 2017

What Does Durable Power of Attorney Mean in Florida

Generally speaking, to answer the question, what does durable power of attorney mean in Florida, testators/principals should be aware that a regular power of attorney in Florida terminates when or if the principal becomes unable to function, or essentially legally and medically incapacitated. Florida Statute 709.2102(4) answers in part what does durable power of attorney mean in Florida because it defines the words durable in the context of death, dying, and incapacity. These are the saddest and most trying of times, but it is crucial that to protect your family in a financial sense, that you exercise your durable power of attorney properly. The Statute provides that regarding a power of attorney, durable cannot be stopped by the principal’s incapacity (vegetative state, brain death, coma, etc.). However, it is ever-clear that hiring a skilled Orange or Lake County Florida Probate Attorney can help you avoid the perils and pitfalls of ambiguous language that can render your Florida durable power of attorney ineffective. The law is full of legalese that can confuse people. Attorneys often interpret obscure/arcane language for their clients to make sure everyone is in the “know,” meaning that the law is clear.

Jonathan Jacobs is an Orange and Lake County Florida Probate Attorney.

Orange and Lake County Florida Probate Attorney

An Orange and Lake County Florida Probate Attorney will be able to understand the principal’s wishes and desires as it relates to their health, incapacity, and directives for the agent designated in the Florida durable power of attorney document(s). This way, the agent can be assured they are affecting the wishes of the principal and not going beyond the directive(s).

Nobody wants to be involved in a lawsuit over exceeding their authority, and all parties surely want not only what is best for the principal, but also what is best for the family as relates to the Florida durable power of attorney given to them as an agent. This sort of responsibility is serious business. It is not to be taken lightly. If a testator wants to grant you durable power of attorney, sit down with them to have an earnest conversation about what that responsibility entails.

If you are doing some estate planning or if you are an agent or a family member in need of legal advice and services regarding Florida durable power of attorney, please contact the Jacobs Law Firm, Orange and Lake County Florida Probate Attorney today. We will aspire to answer your questions and to make you feel confident in your legal representation.

Florida Durational Alimony

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 28, 2017

In Florida, a short-term marriage is for seven years or less. A marriage of medium/moderate length (moderate term marriage in Florida) is for somewhat longer than seven years but less than seventeen years (>7 but < 17) years. This is a long period of time, approximately ten years, that legally accounts for a substantial legal gray zone in the way the divorce court will calculate alimony. Arguments can be made for several different types of alimony (such as Florida durational alimony) to be awarded resulting from that moderate-term marriage period. Of course, any alimony awarded by the court depends on the circumstances of the marriage and the unique facts presented. Jonathan Jacobs is a Clermont, Florida, Family Law Attorney. Call Jacobs Law Firm at 407-335-8113 to speak with a divorce attorney about your case and learn how we can help you determine your need for alimony or your ability to pay.

Durational Alimony Florida

Florida divorce courts generally do not automatically award any specific type of alimony without a party pleading for such relief. Your attorney must specifically plead for alimony, and unless otherwise agreed by the parties beforehand, testimony must be heard for the court to carefully consider whether any award of alimony is appropriate. Clients often ask about a statutory alimony formula, but a determination as to the appropriate award of alimony is a complex process that is based on a multitude of factors.

Moderate-Term Marriage in Florida

Often, a moderate-term marriage in Florida results in the award of durational alimony. Florida durational alimony is awarded if permanent alimony is not applicable or appropriate for the couple’s situation and no other form of alimony is proper. Durational alimony, in some limited circumstances, may also be awarded after the marital union of a short-, middle-, or moderate-term marriage. This specific form of alimony may also be awarded after a marriage of long duration (17 or more years in time) if there is no proven need for permanent periodic alimony. Alimony is a fact-specific inquiry.

When does Florida durational alimony end?

When does durational alimony end? To determine a date of termination, it is important first for the parties to present evidence of their unique circumstances (career, personal, economic, familial, emotional, etc.) in order for the court to have enough information upon which it may have a factual basis for rendering its decision as to the alimony award. Be prepared for trial, and review the statutory factors the court uses in rendering a decision. Make sure your evidence is organized and well-presented for the judge.

When does durational alimony end in Florida? This is a question both the payor and the payee of alimony ask before and even during the divorce process. Statutorily, durational alimony in Florida ends if one of the parties dies or if the alimony recipient remarries. In actual performance, it is often ordered for a number of years and has a date certain for termination. Alimony can be determined by the agreement of the parties, called a marital settlement agreement or it can be preset by a prenuptial agreement.

Florida Durational alimony, much like rehabilitative alimony, may be changed or ended if the payor party proves there has been a substantial change in circumstances with the payee. So, to completely answer when durational alimony ends in Florida, it ends at the longest when the originally scheduled period of termination of the award is set by the court, and durational alimony may not last for a greater length of time than the marriage itself. The Jacobs Law Firm, Clermont Florida Family Law Attorney, is ready to answer any questions you may have about alimony in Florida.

Feel free to continue reading and enjoying our plethora of articles about all other types of Florida alimony to allow you to familiarize yourself with how this process works. Women paying men alimony, alimony pendente lite, alimony factors, short-term alimony, permanent alimony, bridge-the-gap alimony, and rehabilitative alimony. You may also wish to learn about a Florida parenting plan and all of the requirements for establishing jurisdiction for divorce in Florida courts.

Jonathan Jacobs is a Clermont, Florida, Family Law Attorney who loves working with clients. Among our practice areas are uncontested divorces and collaborative divorce.

Florida Rehabilitative Alimony

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 28, 2017

In deciding whether to award Florida rehabilitative alimony, family law and divorce courts make factual findings that follow the alimony Statute in Florida. Courts often require the moving party (party asking to receive alimony) to produce a Florida rehabilitative alimony plan. This proposed plan should lay out the steps for the rehabilitation of the party that needs training and education, and financial support from the payor (person paying). The purpose of rehabilitative alimony is for the payee to get back on their feet after being in a marital relationship in which their contributions to the marriage (homemaking, children) may have prevented them from developing career training and contemporary job skills in our currently competitive marketplace of/for jobs. If you are seeking a divorce or family law attorney to litigate your Florida rehabilitative alimony case, call the Jacobs Law Firm today about your divorce or family law case, 407-335-8113.

The legal phrasing that the State of Florida utilizes for rehabilitative alimony Clermont or rehabilitative alimony Orlando is the ability to be “self-supportive.” Most people prefer to be self-supportive. They recognize the need to be able to provide for themselves, particularly when the financial security they once enjoyed is no longer available, such as in the case of a marital dissolution after a period of years of support. This brings us to the Florida rehabilitative alimony plan, and at least a general idea of how that operates, knowing that all cases are different and fact-specific.

Florida Rehabilitative Alimony Plan

The court will not order rehabilitative alimony unless there is a particularized Florida rehabilitative alimony plan. To establish the needing party’s ability to be self-supportive, a plan allows for the renewal and redevelopment of job and career skills that the party once possessed. If the party did not work at any time, other arrangements will be made to accommodate even entry-level skills development.

The plan also includes, as you might have just wondered after reading the first part, the opportunity to obtain an education to refresh, refurbish, or acquire the skills necessary to participate in the workforce in a meaningful manner. Modifying alimony is a challenging thing to do from a legal perspective.

Unlike bridge the gap alimony, Florida rehabilitative alimony may be changed or ended if there is either the noncompliance (refusal to participate or choice to ignore the plan) of the needing party, or a substantial change in circumstances. A substantial change in circumstances is legal terminology, which in this case can mean the party has found a good job already. Or, perhaps, they only needed a few credits to graduate and have done so quickly, or any other significant change that may have been unanticipated at the time of the award of rehabilitative alimony.

Read on about other types of Florida alimony: Women pay alimony too! Alimony pendente lite, Short term alimony, Bridge-the-gap alimony, Durational alimony, Florida alimony factors, and Permanent alimony. Jonathan Jacobs is a divorce attorney in Orlando and a divorce attorney in Clermont Florida ready to take your call.

Short Term Alimony in Florida

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 28, 2017

Short Term Alimony in Florida: Short Term Marriage in Florida

The Florida Alimony Statute provides guidance on the length of time the court will consider (in many cases) as a short-term marriage in Florida, for the express purpose of determining how much to award in short term alimony in Florida. In another article, we have outlined the factors the Florida court will consider and listen to arguments on, when deciding whether to award alimony, and if so, how much alimony to award the needing party. A marriage that lasts for anything less than seven years is considered to be a short-term marriage in Florida. This is known as a rebuttable presumption. This article elaborates on the Florida alimony length of marriage for purposes of the parties arguing for, and the court awarding alimony. Jonathan Jacobs is an Orlando family lawyer ready to help you through these turbulent times in your alimony case.

Florida Alimony Length of Marriage

There are other marital durations (i.e. the Florida alimony length of marriage) that Florida also presumes unless successfully rebutted. Those other marital durations are a moderate term marriage, which is greater than seven (7) years but less than seventeen (17) years. Finally, for purposes of alimony considerations, a long-term marriage in Florida lasts (presumptively) for more than seventeen (17) years and has no specific upward time frame given it is as implied, the longest term possible under the eyes of the law. Spousal support is a major issue in many divorce cases.

Orlando Family Lawyer

The types of alimony the court may award (generally speaking) in short term marriage Florida rulings are alimony pendente lite (suit money), bridge the gap alimony, rehabilitative alimony, and if the arguments are sufficient and the court feels an upward departure is justified, durational alimony. Florida alimony length marriage is a consideration you should discuss with your Orlando family law attorney.

What is a Rebuttable Presumption?

A rebuttable presumption is a presumption whereby the court defaults to it as the basis or starting point for its ruling, but is open to arguments to the contrary that may or may not convince the judge/court to rule otherwise. A rebuttable presumption is difficult to overcome without substantial evidence to the contrary. Back to the original point about short term alimony Florida, and short-term marriage Florida, there is in Florida a rebuttable presumption that a marital union of less than 7 years is a short-term marriage. Some case law provides that alimony may not be appropriate in short term marriages,

For additional information on the types of Florida alimony, please read the following articles written by an alimony attorney:

bridge-the gap alimony, rehabilitative alimony, durational alimony, alimony pendente lite, gender based alimony, and permanent alimony.

Florida Bridge the Gap Alimony Video

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 27, 2017

Bridge the gap alimony in Florida is one of several types of alimony a Florida court may award to the party that is judged to be in need of financial support during the pendency of the divorce, and in the immediate aftermath of dissolution. Florida Alimony Statute 61.08 and its subsection Five, states that Florida bridge the gap alimony is designed to help the party in need transition from married life to being single or alone and without the support system that being married provided. If you need to speak with an Orlando alimony attorney to determine your rights and responsibilities, call 407-335-8113 to speak with a family law attorney today about your divorce involving alimony.

Bridge the gap alimony in Florida may be structured to provide for designation needs that are for the here and now, that is to say, the needs of the receiving party must be short term and not with the intent of being permanent or long-lasting. Whenever a Florida Statute states what something is, it also provides insight into what it is not. Here, the alimony award is designed to help a payee during a period of transition. When does bridge the gap alimony end? Ask a divorce attorney in Orlando.

Bridge the Gap Alimony in Florida, How Long is Bridge the Gap Alimony?

Bridge the gap alimony is designed not to exceed two years of time. That is twenty-four months and is designed to help the party in need get back up and running as a self-sufficient adult. The bridge-the-gap language literally means filling in the holes when needed.

When does Bridge the Gap Alimony End?

When does bridge the gap alimony end? This type of alimony in Florida ends when either of the two parties dies, if the party receiving alimony payments gets remarried which essentially means that party is in a financially supportive relationship and no longer requires or is entitled to bridge the gap alimony, or after the 2 year period expires. Finally, it is important to also note that the Statute makes it clear Florida bridge the gap alimony may not be changed in either amount or time. Lake County FL family law attorney and affordable family law Attorney Jonathan Jacobs can answer your questions about alimony.

What about child support health insurance? Divorce mediation? We address that too throughout our Florida Law Blog, which is rapidly becoming a major resource not only for clients, but also for all Floridians seeking legal information about their specific circumstances in family law or divorce cases.

Clermont Alimony Attorney

Posted by Law Firm Admin on December 27, 2017

Alimony in Orlando Florida and alimony in Clermont FL (Orange County and Lake County) involves the court’s determination of whether one of the parties is able to pay alimony (the payor), and if the other party has a need for alimony (the payee). This determination funnels through Florida’s alimony statutory factors based on the circumstances of the parties’ marriage and the financial portrait shown by the attorneys at trial. Jonathan Jacobs is an Orlando alimony attorney, and a Clermont alimony attorney that provides in depth analysis of the parties’ financial portfolios in making factual determinations as to how much the parties may be responsible for when paying or receiving alimony in Orlando Florida or alimony in Clermont FL. Florida’s alimony Statute is 61.08 and its subsections tell us a great deal about how much the parties may be owing or receiving and how the court may rule. Consider also the alimony factors in Orlando Florida that may be involved in the family law financial calculations. Call 407-335-8113 to speak with an alimony attorney.

Alimony Factors in Orlando Florida | Orlando Alimony Attorney

Once the court has done its factfinding regarding the parties’ ability to pay and/or need for alimony, the court hears arguments on various alimony factors in Orlando Florida when making its considerations. Pursuant to the Statute, one major alimony in Orlando factor the court considers is the parties’ standard of living during the time they were officially married. This means that if the wife was the proverbial breadwinner, and by virtue of her hard work and long hours on the job, the husband was able to live in a nice house, use a luxury car, and have luxuries and amenities, the court may consider this factor in its award (if any) of alimony. The roles could easily be reversed if it were the husband working 50+ hours a week to provide for the family and the wife were the party benefiting from his laborious routine. There is no one size fits all scenario, which is why there are alimony factors in Orlando Florida, and why there are factors instead of bright-line rules. Be careful when analyzing a potential alimony award. Alimony is not based on a magic formula in the absence of facts.

Alimony Factors in Orlando Florida: Alimony in Orlando Florida and Alimony in Clermont FL

The court will also consider the length of the marriage. In another article, we elaborate on the duration of marriage and how it may impact the alimony amount awarded. For now, generally speaking, the court will assess the time the parties were married and categorize (based on attorney arguments and evidence presented) the alimony award to correspond with the length of the marriage. Among the other reasons marital assets are heavily scrutinized in a dissolution of marriage case, is because the court analyzes both marital and nonmarital assets in arriving at an alimony determination.

Perhaps the most interesting of Statutory alimony factors in Orlando Florida are the parties’ contributions to the marriage and earning capacities. With alimony in Orlando, the goal is of course for both parties to be self-sustaining to the extent possible, but it is interesting to learn how the parties structured their marriage to allow for one or both parties to maximize their earnings, even if that meant some measure of self-sacrifice.

Attorney Jonathan Jacobs can answer your questions about alimony.

Learn more about other types of alimony in Florida: Durational alimony, women paying men alimony, alimony factors, short term alimony, permanent alimony, and rehabilitative alimony.

What about child support health insurance? Divorce mediation? We address those topics as well.